Evaluation of accuracy, reliability, quality, and readability of online patient information materials on coccyx injury

MakaleWOS:000928222100009PubMed ID: 36701705The aim of this research is to evaluate the websites containing “coccydynia, coccyx trauma or fracture” in terms of readability, reliability, accuracy, and quality. Searches for “coccydynia, coccyx trauma, coccyx fracture” were carried out in the 3 most used search engines in the USA: Google, Yahoo, and Bing in February 2022. A total of 141 websites were rated by 2 different neurosurgeons for the “Global Quality Score” and “Alexa Popularity Rank.” 97.2% of the sites examined include the definition of the disease, 66% include the importance of the disease, 92.9% include the symptoms of the disease, 88.7% include the treatment of the disease, 78% include the signs of the disease, 77.3% include the mechanism of the disease It has been determined that the websites examined within the scope of the research have high global quality score (GQS) and APR and are enriched with images to a large extent. Abbreviations: APR = Alexa popularity rank, ARI = automated readability index, CLI = Coleman-Liau Index, FKGL = FleschKincaid Grade Level, FRES = Flesch reading ease, GQS = global quality score, Gunning FOG = Gunning Fog Index, LWF = Linsear Write Formula, SMOG = simple measure of gobbledygoo

Association of platelet count and platelet indices with cranial meningioma

Introduction and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether platelet count (PLT) and platelet indices included mean platelet volume (MPV), platecrit (PCT), platelet distribution width  (PDW) values can be used as diagnostic markers in cranial meningiomas. Materials and Methods: The study included results of 29 patient and 47 healthy contributors. Based on pathologies, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group included meningioma patients and the second one included healthy individuals. Healthy contributors named control group. Platelet count and platelet indices were determined using Sysmex XN 550 haematology analyzer. The preoperative platelet count (PLT) and platelet indices included mean platelet volume (MPV), platecrit (PCT), platelet distribution width  (PDW) values were recorded from the routine laboratory tests. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in PLT between the meningioma and healthy groups (p = 0.217). There was a statistically significant difference in PCT between the meningioma group and the healthy group (p = 0.002). There was a statistically significant difference in PDW between meningioma group and healthy group (p = 0.001). In terms of MPV, there was a statistically significant difference between meningioma group and the healthy group (p = 0.001) Conclusion: Platelet count and indices are easily available in the routine blood tests. Despite the retrospective design and small sample size, our findings suggest that altered MPV, PDW and PCT levels might serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of meningiomas

Computed tomography-based morphometric measurements of the atlas (C1) posterior arc

Study design: Single-center retrospective study Objectives: This study is performed to determine the anatomic feasibility of the C1 posterior arc screw and help select an optimal screw trajectory in treating patients with craniovertebral junction pathologies. Material and Methods: We reported a single-centre retrospective study. Forty patients (20 male and 20 female) who underwent cervical computed tomography (CT) were chosen from the hospital records. Based on CT images, we measured left laminar length (LLL), right laminar length (RLL), left laminar angle (LLA), right laminar angle (RLA), left laminar axial thickness (LLAT), right laminar axial thickness (RLAT), left laminar coronal thickness (LLCT), right laminar coronal thickness (RLCT), and craniocaudal angle (CCA) of the C1 posterior arc. Results: The mean values and standard deviations (SD) for nine parameters at the C1 posterior arc were determined. LLL, RLL, LLCT, and RLCT were statistically longer in men than women. RLAT was bigger in men but there was no statistical difference. RLA was statistically wider in women than men. LLA and CCA were wider in women but there was no statistical difference, LLAT was bigger in women but there was no statistical difference. There was no statistical difference in measurements by age. Conclusion:  The results of this study are important to avoid neurovascular injury and pedicle breakage because of choosing large screw while performing C1 laminar screw fixation

The efficacy of adalimumab on experimentally induced spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury

Objective: Paraplegia is a dangerous complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Various studies have been conducted on the prevention of this complication and some spinal cord protection methods have been proposed. However, there is not any modality that prevent the development of paraplegia certainly. In the I / R period, primary injury triggers secondary injury due to increased inflammation, apoptosis and free radical formation. In this study, we evaluated that the neuroprotective effect of adalimumab in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.  Materials and Methods: In total, 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: Group 1, control; Group 2, ischemia-reperfusion by infrarenal aortic clamping; Group 3, adalimumab treated followed by ischemia. Tissue and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels were analyzed as a marker of inflammation and oxidation. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed, and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL method. Results: I/R injury significantly increases plasma and spinal cord tissue at TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 levels and reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 and increases plasma and tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Conclusion: Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces the spinal cord neuronal damage score and the number of apoptotic cells. This paper aims to demonstrate the important neuroprotective effects of adalimumab on rabbit spinal cord I/R injury

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Role of Industrial Robotic Automation Systems

This project focuses on the role of robots in increasing safety, productivity and profit for four specific industries: manufacturing, medical, construction and food packaging. A cost analysis of industry robot integration is provided supporting a positive increase in tasks performance and reduction of operational costs. A Tungsten Inert Gas welding assistive robot prototype was designed based on the knowledge acquired through welding training sessions at WPI's Washburn Shops. A prototype was built using Arduino hardware and software for controls

Determination Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential On A Project

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Enerji Enstitüsü, 2019Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, 2019İklim değişikliğinin günden güne artan, bilimsel ve akademik çalışmalarla ortaya koyulan olumsuz etkilerinin temel sebebi, sera etkisine neden olan atmosfere salınan sera gazlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, dünyadaki tüm yaşamı etkileyen bu soruna azaltım için çözümler aranmaktadır. Çalışmaya sera gazı salımlarının yerel yönetimler ölçeğinde kaynakları ortaya konularak başlanılmıştır. Yerel yönetimlerin azaltım mücadelesindeki sürecini hızlandıran ve mücadelenin verimini artıran aksiyonları ön plana alınarak "ölçemediğini azaltamazsın" felsefesiyle kent ölçeğinde sera gazı envanteri hazırlanması bu çalışmanın temel çıktılarından biridir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Eskişehir İli envanteri hazırlanan bölge olarak seçilmiştir. Bölgenin seçiminde, Tepebaşı ilçesi Yaşamköyü bölgesinde yürütülen AB destekli REMOURBAN projesinin bölge sınırları içerisinde yer alarak kentin geri kalanında azaltım ile ilgili aksiyonlara özellikle binalarda enerji verimliliği çalışmalarıyla uygun bir örnek oluşturması önemli bir faktör olmuştur. Bu tezin amacı Eskişehir ilinin binalar, ulaşım, sanayi, atık ve atıksu, tarım ve hayvancılık faaliyetleri kaynaklı olarak açığa çıkan sera gazı salımlarını ortaya koyarak, mevcut bina stoğundan seçilen belirli bir grup bina için uygulanması muhtemel enerji verimliliği çalışmalarının enerji tüketimi ve salım azaltımına etkisini Yaşamköyü bölgesinde yürütülen projenin çıktılarından faydalanarak öngörmektir. Çalışma kapsamında tüm Eskişehir'in bina, ulaşım, atık ve atıksu, tarım ve hayvancılık ve sanayi sektörlerinden kaynaklanan sera gazı salımları hesaplanacaktır. Bu çalışma aşağıdaki adımlar doğrultusunda hazırlanmıştır: 1. Envanter oluşturma metodunun seçimi ve kaynakların belirlenmesi 2. İndikatörlerin seçimi ve veri toplama 3. Hesaplama yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi 4. Envanterin oluşturulması 5. Envanter sonuçlarının ve azaltım önlemlerinin değerlendirilmesi Çalışmanın başlangıcında sera gazı hesaplama ve kent ölçeğinde azaltım ile ilgili yürütülmüş projelerin akademik çalışmalarla gösterilen sonuçları anlatılmıştır. Kent envanteri oluşturma, binaların kent sera gazı salımlarına etkisi ve binalarda uygulanacak enerji verimliliği çalışmalarının enerji tüketimi ve sera gazı salım azaltımına etkisini inceleyen, Başkanlar Sözleşmesi (Covenant of Mayors) gereksinimlerini yerine getirme amacıyla özellikle Avrupa'da yoğunlaşan çok fazla örnek çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak bunlarla kıyaslandığında bu çalışma örnek bir uygulama sahasındaki enerji verimliliği yatırımlarını kent ölçeğine taşımasıyla diğerlerinden farklı bir boyuttadır. Akademik çalışmaların yanı sıra aynı şekilde sera gazı envanteri hesaplama ve raporlama ve sera gazı salımlarının kontrolü ve azaltımı ile ilgili mevcut, dünya genelinde, AB'de, Amerika'da ve ülkemizde yürürlükte olan standartlar, yönetmelikler ve envanter oluşturma prosedürlerine literatür özeti başlığında yer verilmiştir. Avrupa genelinde 7.755 şehir Dünya genelinde ise 9.322 şehir tarafından kullanılmakta olan World Resource Institute (WRI) tarafından birçok farklı standart derlenerek hazırlanmış olan Sera Gazı Protokolü (GPC) ön plana çıkmıştır. Ülkemizde kent sera gazı salımları ile ilgili yönetmelik yönünden eksiklik olduğu kanısına varılmış ve ülkemizdeki 17 il ve ilçe belediyesinin de kabul ederek kullanmakta olduğu GPC üzerinden bu çalışmanın ilerletilmesi uygun görülmüştür. Çalışmanın devamında izlenecek envanter hesaplama yöntemi ve Yaşamköyü binalarında uygulanacak önlemlerle azaltım sonuçlarının nasıl ortaya koyulduğu anlatılmıştır. Buna göre öncelikle kent emisyon kaynakları belirlenmiştir. Bunlar, binalar, ulaşım, sanayi, atık ve atıksu ve tarım ve hayvancılık olarak ana başlıklara ayrılmıştır. Daha sonra her bir başlık altındaki sera gazı salım kaynağı olan indikatörler belirlenmiş ve sera gazı protokolüne uygun olarak bu indikatörler kapsamlara göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Her bir indikatörün birim tüketimi ve/veya uygulaması sonucunda salımı gerçekleşen eşdedğer kg CO2 miktarı literatürdeki halleriyle belirtilmiştir. Tüm bu detaylar tek bir şema üzerinde gösterilerek yöntem başlığının girişinde görsel bir anlatım hedeflenmiştir. İndikatörlerin mevcut durum değerleri üzerinden teker teker ilgili formüller uygulanarak kentin sera gazı envanteri hesaplamalarına geçilmiştir. Kent envanteri yanı sıra tüm bu hesaplamalardan ilgili olanlar Yaşamköyü için örneklenmiştir. Bu örnek hesaplamalar çalışmanın sonucu olarak bölgedeki benzer tipoloji, yaş ve kullanım amacına sahip belirli binaların seçilerek bu binalar için azaltım seçenekleri ve sonuçlarının ortaya koyulmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Bu aşamaya geçilmeden önce, tüm bu hesaplama ve raporlama kısmının anlaşılabilirliği için, ülkemizde sera gazı salımları alanında hesaplama ve azaltım yönünden mevcut durum, salım envanterini etkileyecek başlıklar altında kentin mevcut durumu ve azaltım seçeneklerini belirlemede göz önünde bulundurulmuş olan Yaşamköyü uygulama sahasının mevcut durumu ortaya koyulmuştur. Sonuç aşamasına geçildiğinde kent sera gazı salım envanteri kaynaklara göre detaylı şekilde ortaya koyulmuş, çalışmanın temelinde yer alan binalar ve diğer sektörlerin bu envanterdeki payları yüzdesel olarak belirtilmiş ve açıklanmıştır. Buna göre kentin toplam eşdeğer CO2 salımları 5.713.936 ton olarak bulunmuştur. Binaların tüm envanterdeki payı toplam %26,45 olarak belirlenmiştir. Envanter detaylı olarak incelendiği takdirde toplamda %33,59 ile en büyük payın sanayi sektörünün proses, elektrik ve yakıt tüketiminden kaynaklandığı gözlemlenebilmektedir. Onu sırasıyla yukarıda da belirtilen binalarda yakıt ve elektrik tüketimi (%26,45) ve ulaşımda yakıt tüketimi (%24,54) takip etmektedir. Tarım hayvancılık faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan salımlar %10,67, katı atık ve atıksudan kaynaklanan toplam salım ise %3,34 oranındadır. Elektrik üretimi için tüketilen yakıttan kaynaklı emisyon ise envanterin %1,4'üne karşılık gelmektedir. Tüm sektörler için sonuçlar detaylarıyla paylaşıldıktan sonra Yaşamköyü uygulama sahasında yürütülen proje kapsamında binalarda uygulanan enerji verimliliği önlemlerinin azaltıma etkisi enerji ve sera gazı cinsinden ortaya koyulmuştur. Buna göre, Yaşamköyü'nde AB projesi kapsamında yürütülen yalıtım, bölgesel ısıtmaya geçiş, aydınlatma değişikliği gibi renovasyon çalışmaları sonucunda kentin yapı stoğunun %0,92'sini oluşturan bu seçilmiş binalarda %57,8 enerji tasarrufu ve %67,6 sera gazı salım azaltımı mümkün olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Tüm bu sonuçlardan hareketle tüketilen yakıt türü, alan büyüklüğü gibi konularda sağlıklı veri sağlanabilmesi nedeniyle 2002 yılından başlayıp, enerji verimliliği önlemlerinin pozitif etkisinin net şekilde gözlemlenebilmesi amacıyla 2010 yılına kadar olan kısım dahil edilerek bu yıllar arasında Eskişehir'de inşa edilmiş kömür ile ısınan bina grubunda, Yaşamköyü'ndeki projenin çıktılarından faydalanılarak azaltım senaryosu üzerinde durulmuş ve muhtemel sonuçlar açıklanmıştır. Toplamda elde edilecek 143.155,3 ton CO2e salım azaltımı ile kent yapı stoğunun bu %0,92'lik kesimine uygulanacak enerji verimliliği yatırımlarıyla kent envanterinde %2,47 oranında azaltım mümkün olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın son kısmında ise salım azaltım çalışmalarının geleceği açısından envanter oluşturma, binalarda ve bölgesel enerji verimliliği çalışmaları, farklı sektörlerde uygulanabilecek azaltım önlemleri ve tüm bu çalışmaları teşvik edebilecek karbon piyasaları hakkında özet açıklamalarla öneriler yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın daha önceki çalışmalardan en önemli farkını oluşturan kısmı azaltım önlemlerini aynı coğrafyada uygulanmakta olan bir projenin çıktılarından yararlanarak binalarda azaltım değerlerini gerçekçi olarak belirleyebilmesi ve bu azaltımın kentin toplam salım envanteri üzerinde etkisini ortaya koyabilmesidir.The main reason for the negative effects of climate change, which are seen more frequently in daily life by increasing day by day, and explained with scientific and academic studies, is the greenhouse effect and the greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere which cause this effect. In this study, while searching for solutions to this problem affecting all life in the world, the study was started by revealing the sources of greenhouse gas emissions on the scale of local governments. The study of the preparation of urban scale greenhouse gas inventory was carried out by taking into consideration the functions of the local governments that accelerated the process of mitigation and increased the efficiency of the struggle with the philosophy of "you can not decrease if you can not measure". Within the scope of this study, the selected region is Eskişehir and it is considered that the EU-funded REMOURBAN project carried out in Yaşamköy - Tepebaşı district, which is a sample with energy efficiency studies, is a suitable example for the rest of the city. In the beginning of the study, the results of the projects conducted related to greenhouse gas calculation and urban scale reduction are presented with the results of academic studies. There are many case studies focusing mainly on Europe in order to meet the requirements of the Covenant of Mayors, which examine urban greenhouse gas inventories, the impact of buildings on urban greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of energy efficiency studies on buildings on energy consumption and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions caused by buildings. However, when compared to these, this study has a difference in terms of scale by investigating energy efficiency investments from the results of a demo-site to urban scale. Also, the current standards, regulations and inventory building procedures in the present, around the world, in the EU, in the US and in our country, on the calculation and reporting of greenhouse gas inventory and on the control and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are given in the literature summary. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GPC) published by the World Resource Institute (WRI) and gathered from different standards and regulations on greenhouse gas inventories is being used by 9.322 cities across the globe and 7.755 cities across Europe. In our country, it is considered that there is a deficiency in terms of regulation on urban greenhouse gas emissions and it has been deemed appropriate to advance this study via GPC which is used by 17 provinces and district municipalities in our country. This study was prepared according to the following steps: 1. Selection of inventory analysis method and determination of greenhouse gas sources 2. Selection of indicators and data collection 4. Determination of calculation methods 5. Establishment of inventory 5. Evaluation inventory results and mitigation measures Following in the study, the inventory calculation method to be followed and the measures to be implemented in the buildings of Yaşamköyü are explained. According to this, urban emission sources have been determined. They are divided into main headings as buildings, transportation, industry, waste and wastewater and agriculture and livestock. Then, the indicators which are the greenhouse gas emission sources under each heading were determined and these indicators were classified according to the scopes which defined in greenhouse gas protocol. The amount of the equivalent kg of CO2 that is released as a result of unit consumption and / or application of each indicator is indicated in the literature. All these details are shown on a single diagram and a visual narration is aimed at the introduction of the method title. By calculating the current state values of the indicators, the relevant formulas were applied and the greenhouse gas inventory of the city was started. The urban inventory as well as the ones related to all these calculations were sampled for Yaşamköyü. These sample calculations created the opportunity of the selection of buildings with the same typology, age and purpose and reveal the reduction options and results for these buildings from the same region with Yaşamköyü buildings. Before moving to this stage, current situation of greenhouse gas emissions and reduction options in our country, current situation of the city under the headings affecting the emission inventory, and the current situation of the application area of Yaşamköyü which considered in determining the other buildings to be selected for reduction calculations have been explained. When the final phase was reached, the urban emission inventory was presented in detail according to the sources, and the share of buildings which are at the base of the study and other sectors in this inventory was stated and explained as percentage. Accordingly, the city's total equivalent CO2 emissions were found to be 5.713.936 tons. The share of the buildings in the entire inventory is determined as 26.45%. When the inventory is examined in detail, it is observed that the biggest share is 33.59%, resulting from industry, process, electricity and fuel consumptions. Fuel and electricity consumption in buildings (26.45%) and fuel consumption in transportation (24.54%) are following industry. The emissions from Agriculture and Livestock activities are 10.67% and the total emissions from solid waste and wastewater is 3.34%. Emissions from fuel consumed for electricity generation account for 1.4% of the inventory. After the results are shared with the details for all sectors, the effect of the energy efficiency measures applied in the buildings within the scope of the project carried out in the application area of Yaşamköyü, are shown in terms of energy and greenhouse gas. According to this, possibility of 57.8% energy saving and 67.6% greenhouse gas emission reduction were observed in these selected buildings, which constitute 0.92% of the city's building stock, as a result of renovation works such as insulation transition to district heating and lighting change in the scope of the EU project in the Yaşamköyü. In Yaşamköyü, first, the change in coefficient of heat transmission of building envelope elements (u-values) are determined and shown in a table with the values before the interventions and after the interventions. Changing the windows, application of rock wool on the roof and external walls cause the change in u-values as follows; For external walls; decreased from 0,617 W/(m2K) to 0,204 W/(m2K) For the roof; decreased from 0,356 W/(m2K) to 0,128 W/(m2K) For the windows; decreased from 3,2 W/(m2K) to 1,2 W/(m2K) Then the calculations are made with the "design builder" programme in terms of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission reduction after the implementation of HVAC system, district heating, solar collectors, PV integration and change in lighting equipments. With all these interventions the results in terms of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions are given as follows; For heating the energy demand; decreased from 130,20 (kWh/m2yr) to 38,50 (kWh/m2yr) and for heating based CO2e; decreased from 25,83 (kgCO2e/m2yr) to 1,03 (kgCO2e/m2yr). For cooling energy demand; decreased from 79,70 (kWh/m2yr) to 20,10 (kWh/m2yr) and for cooling based CO2e; decreased from 15,72 (kgCO2e/m2yr) to 2,44 (kgCO2e/m2yr). For lighting energy demand; decreased from 35,40 (kWh/m2yr) to 14,20 (kWh/m2yr) and for lighting based CO2e; decreased from 17,45 (kgCO2e/m2yr) to 7,00 (kgCO2e/m2yr). For domestic hot water energy demand; increased from 11,00 (kWh/m2yr) to 18,00 (kWh/m2yr) because of heat loss in the pipeline of district heating system. For domestic hot water based CO2e; decreased from 2,18 (kgCO2e/m2yr) to 0,36 (kgCO2e/m2yr) because of clean energy system. For the other appliances; increased from 9,10 (kWh/m2yr) to 21,10 (kWh/m2yr) because of electricity need of new applied equipments are higher than the previous equipments. For domestic hot water based CO2e; increased from 4,49 (kgCO2e/m2yr) to 10,40 (kgCO2e/m2yr) because of increase in electricity consumption. In total, there is 153,50 (kWh/m2yr) and 44,43 (kgCO2e/m2yr) reduction in terms of energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions relatively. As a result of all these examples, the buildings constructed between 2002 and 2010 and using coal as the energy source are selected to explain possible mitigation results, because 2002 was the first year with the healthy data on the type of fuel consumed and the size of the area of buildings and 2010 was the latest year that the positive effects of the energy efficiency activities can be clearly observed. With the information gathered for the buildings and sample calculations from Yaşamköyü demo-site it is found that it is possible to decrease the energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions 293.147,5 (kWh/m2yr) and 143.155,3 (kgCO2e/m2yr) relatively in those buildings which represents 0,92% of all building stock in the city while they are causing 3,17% of greenhouse gas emissions of the whole city greenhouse gas inventory. Final result shows that it is possible to decrease greenhouse gas emissions of the city up to 2,47% with the interventions on those buildings. In the last part of the study, for the future of emission reduction studies, recommendations on inventory creation, buildings and regional energy efficiency, mitigation measures that can be applied in different sectors and explanations about carbon markets that can encourage all these studies are included.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

CERBERUS

The Computer Enabled Robotic Base Enhancing Remote Unmanned Security (CERBERUS) platform was a partially implemented robotic sentry with working tele-operation. This project sought to add autonomous functionality to the CERBERUS platform. This objective was partially realized in that an autonomous infrastructure was created. The framework still requires further testing due to prohibitive mechanical failures which impeded testing

Türkiye'nin enerji kaynakları, enerji politikası ve cari açık-enerji ithalatı ilişkisi

Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin cari açık verileri üzerinde enerji ithalatının rolü en küçük kareler yöntemi (EKK) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. ABSTRACT In this study, the role of energy import expenditure on Turkey's current account deficit is analyzed by using Least Squares Regression (OLS)